Geotechnical exploration techniques are crucial for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These features can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to identify cavities and voids. These include drilling, geophysical techniques such a

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the recording of physica