Geotechnical engineers harness a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and performance of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various causes, such as geological formations, degradation, or human actions. Employing a suite of inv

Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical stability. Accurately locating these voids is crucial for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical

Geotechnical exploration techniques are crucial for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These features can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to identify cavities and voids. The

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical